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Across
2. A small eroded valley in Tanzania
where Louis and Mary Leakey found
the first known East African early
hominin in 1959.
5. The species of the very early
australopithecine found by Donald
Johanson in 1974 at the Hadar site
in the Afar Desert region of
Northern Ethiopia. It was a 40%
complete skeleton of an adult
female whom they named Lucy. She
lived 3.2-3.18 million years ago.
6. The biological tribe that includes
all australopithecines and humans.
These are all human-like, bipedal
animals.
8. The common name for members of the
biological tribe Hominini.
10. The medical doctor and
enthusiastic paleontologist from
Scotland who found the first known
adult Australopithecus africanus
while excavating in Sterkfontein
cave in 1936. In 1938, he
discovered other early hominins in
Kromdraai cave. Some of these
fossils were larger boned and more
muscular with powerful jaws. He
named them Paranthropus robustus.
13. A limestone cave in South Africa
where, in 1924, the first known
australopithecine discovery was
made.
14. The name of a 2.5 million year old
australopithecine species found in
Northern Ethiopia by Berhana Asfaw
and Tim White in 1996. Animal
bones with cut marks made with
stone tools were found with it.
The name means
"surprise" in a local
Ethiopian language.
15. A ridge of bone projecting
vertically, from front to back,
along the top midline of the
skull. It serves as a muscle
attachment area for the muscles
that extend up both sides of the
head from the jaw. The presence of
this ridge of bone indicates that
there are exceptionally strong jaw
muscles.
16. The name of the genus that may
have been the immediate ancestor
of the australopithecines. The
fossils for which this species was
named was found in Northern
Ethiopia by Tim White and his
colleagues in the 1990’s. They
date to about 4.4 million years
ago and may represent the first
stage in the evolution of
bipedalism. |
Down
1. The name of the earliest known
robust australopithecine species.
The fossil skull for which this
species was named was found in
1985 on the western side of Lake
Turkana in northern Kenya. It is a
nearly complete robust skull with
an unusually large sagittal crest.
Manganese in the soil deposit
where it was located stained it
black. As a result, this unusual
fossil has become known as the
"black skull."
3. The English scientist who
speculated in an 1871 publication
that fossils of the earliest
humans and their primate ancestors
ultimately would be found
somewhere in Africa.
4. The genus name of an early hominid
that literally means “southern
ape.”
7. The name of the earliest known
australopithecine species. The
fossil for which this species was
named was found In 1995 by Meave
Leakey southwest of Lake Turkana.
The species was named after the
word for "lake" in the
Turkana language.
9. The unusual kind of evidence of
early hominids found at the
Laetoli site about 30 miles south
of Olduvai Gorge in Northern
Tanzania. It was found in 1978 by
Mary Leakey and Tim White.
11. The Australian anatomy professor
at the University of
Witerwatersrand in Johannesburg,
South Africa, who obtained a
fossil skull of a child that had
been blasted out of a nearby
limestone quarry. In 1925 he
classified it as Australopithecus
africanus.
12. The species of the super robust
australopithecine found in 1959 at
Olduvai Gorge by Louis and Mary
Leakey. They originally
classified this fossil into a new
genus, Zinjanthropus (East African
man), but later agreed that it
belonged to an already known genus
of early hominims
(Australopithecus). |
