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Across
1. The genus and species of all
living humans.
4. Anatomical features that have the
same form or function in different
species that have no known common
ancestor. An example would be the
wings of a bird and a butterfly.
6. A group of closely related
species. It is the category
immediately above species.
8. The subphylum of chordates in
which the notochord is replaced by
a more complex spinal chord late
in the embryonic stage of
development. The spinal chord is
protected by a segmented vertebral
column of cartilage and/or bone.
10. An evolutionary mechanism that
occurs when some individuals of a
population are better able to
adapt to their environment and,
subsequently, produce more
offspring. Nature, in effect,
selects which members of a
population are fit to survive long
enough to reproduce.
12. The term for the two Latin name
categories (genus and species)
used in the Linnaean
classification system to designate
each type of organism. The term
you are looking for literally
means "two names" in
Latin.
13. Anatomical structures in different
species that are similar due to
descent from a common ancestor
that had them.
14. The expansion and diversification
of an evolving group of organisms
as they adapt to new ecological
niches. This is the process by
which one species evolves into two
or more species. It occurs as a
result of different populations
becoming reproductively isolated
from each other, usually by
adapting to different environments.
16. Similar anatomical structures in
different species that were not
present in their common ancestor.
17. The largest natural population of
organisms that can potentially
interbreed to produce fertile
offspring.
19. The phylum of animals that is
characterized by soft, unsegmented
bodies that are usually, but not
always, enclosed in hard shells.
They also usually have at least
one strong foot that helps them
move. Octopi, squids, snails,
slugs, clams, and other shellfish
are members of this phylum.
20. The development of a similar
anatomical feature in distinct
species lines after divergence
from a common ancestor that did not have the initial
trait that led to it. The common ancestor is usually more distant in time than
is the case with parallel evolution.
21. The category or level in the Linnaean classification system in which
organisms are primarily distinguished on the basis of overall basic body plan or
organization (e.g., soft, unsegmented bodies in contrast to external skeletons
along with jointed bodies and limbs).
22. The phylum of animals that have elongated bilaterally symmetrical
bodies. In some phase of their life cycle, they have a notochord and gill slits
or pouches. Members of this phylum also often have a head, a tail, and a
digestive system with an opening at both ends of the body. This phylum includes
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and 2 invertebrate subphyla
(tunicates and lancelets). Humans are members of this phylum.
23. A similar evolutionary development in different species lines after
divergence from a common ancestor that had the initial anatomical feature that
led to it. This is thought to be due primarily to the independent species lines
experiencing the same kinds of natural selection pressures.
24. The category or level in the Linnaean system of classification in
which organisms are primarily distinguished on the basis of
cellular organization and methods
of nutrition. Whether they are
single- or multiple-celled and
whether they absorb, ingest, or
produce food are also critical
factors.
25. The process of naming, describing,
and classifying organisms into
different categories on the basis
of evolutionary relationships. |
Down
2. The biological order that includes
all species of monkeys, apes, and
humans. The word was derived from
a Latin word meaning “first.”
3. Organs in some animals that are
used to obtain oxygen under water.
In the case of humans, other
mammals, birds, and reptiles,
lungs replace rudimentary forms of
these organs after the embryonic
stage of development. Frogs
replace them with lungs in the
transition from tadpoles to
adults. Fish retain them all of
their lives.
5. The phylum of animals that is
characterized by external
skeletons as well as jointed
bodies and limbs. Insects,
spiders, centipedes, lobsters, and
crabs are members of this phylum.
7. A rudimentary internal skeleton
made of stiff cartilage that runs
lengthwise under the dorsal
surface of the body of some
animals. Generally, there is a single hollow nerve chord on top
of it. Among humans and the other
vertebrates, this structure is
replaced by a more complex
skeleton following the embryonic
stage of development.
9. The characteristic of left and
right sides of the body generally
being mirror images of each other.
If there are two functionally
similar body parts, they are
usually found roughly equidistant
from the center line, parallel to
each other.
11. The kingdom that includes
organisms that produce new cell
matter out of inorganic material
by photosynthesis. They do not
have the ability to move around
their environment except by
growing or being transported by
wind, water, or other external
forces.
15. The kingdom that includes
organisms that do not produce
their own food but must eat other
organisms to obtain it. They have
nerves and muscles that aid in
controlled movement around their
environment.
17. The level of classification
immediately below phylum and above
class in the Linnaean
classification system.
18. The classification system in use
by the biological sciences today
to classify all living things. It
was invented by and subsequently
named after an 18th century
Swedish botanist. |
